A child is considered illegal if he or she commits an effective violation at the time and is not accepted by the entire society. The main law on juvenile delinquency in India, which is currently in force, is the 2015 Juvenile Justice [Child Protection and Protection] Act.
Earlier laws were enacted to address the threat of juvenile delinquency, including:
1. "Apprenticeship Law", 1850
This is the first legislation that puts children in different positions with adult criminals and criminals. The Act stipulates that children in the 10-18 age group who belong to the court to determine any crimes should receive such voluntary training, which will help their recovery process.
2. The Probationary Court Act of 1897
According to the Act, the court has the power to determine juvenile delinquency in the correctional school for a period of two to seven years and that the same crime cannot be observed after the juvenile has reached the age of 18.
3. Madras Children's Law, 1920
This is the first bill to cater to the concept of juvenile courts. The legislation of the Bangladesh legislature in 1922, the Bangladesh Children's Act and the 1924 Mumbai Children's Act, is also true.
4. The Children's Act of 1960
The bill is a development of previous legislation because it has been adopted to set a basic model that should be followed. It provides very detailed and technical regulations for all aspects. It provides for the establishment of a special child welfare committee to deal specifically with cases of neglected children. The Act also continues to establish a special position for the position of a pilot, whose function is to provide advice and assistance to overdue teenagers. In addition, it has established a special court for children to deal with cases involving juvenile offenders. The bill is the first detailed legislation to discuss all aspects of juvenile delinquency.
5. National Child Welfare Policy of 1974
This policy is a very enthusiastic step in the development of children in the country, as it emphasizes the development of policies that foster the development and development of children and emphasizes equal opportunities in all stages of development of children, which will end the increase in juvenile crime rates and increase national human resources. Resources. This policy, along with previous legislation, has helped to develop a unified Indian juvenile justice system.
6. The Juvenile Justice Act of 1986
India was the first country to enumerate the principles of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Justice by enacting the 1986 Juvenile Justice Act. The bill sets out the basic framework of the juvenile justice system in India. The Act sets out the special methods needed to prevent and control juvenile delinquency and sets norms and standards for juvenile justice. The bill defines inclusiveness for adolescents. According to the bill, a teenager is a boy under the age of 16 and a girl under the age of 18. It also provides for the establishment of special residences for juvenile offenders and the handling of juvenile cases by the Juvenile Special Court. The law basically provides for the care, protection, rehabilitation and treatment of young offenders. The Act abolished all previous legislation and established the first uniform code for juvenile justice in India.
7. 2000 Juvenile Justice [Nursing and Protection] Act
The bill is a revision of the 1986 Juvenile Justice Act. The law was implemented in April 2001. The Act ensures that all necessary facilities are provided to children in need of care and protection, regardless of their religious beliefs.
8. 2014 Juvenile Justice [Nursing and Protection] Act
The law replaces the aforementioned bill. It provides for a provision that adolescents in the 16-18 age group can be tried as adults for serious and heinous crimes. The Act allows the Juvenile Justice Commission to decide whether juveniles should be considered as adults in certain circumstances. The Juvenile Justice Council is also a psychologist and sociologist. The Act introduced the provisions of the 1993 Hagrid Convention on the Protection of Children and Inter-State Adoption Cooperation, which is not included in the above-mentioned legislation. The Act also provides for the adoption of orphans, abandoned and surrendered children.
9. Juvenile Justice [Nursing and Protection] Act 2015
The bill is now in force and is being implemented in India. The law divides adolescents into two groups;
One. Child conflict with law
Bay children need care and protection
The Act provides for uniform rules for all children under the age of 18 and sets out exceptions for children associated with the 16-18 age group, stipulating that they can be tried as adults in serious and heinous crimes, if any The words are promised by them. According to the above-mentioned bill, imprisonment for three to seven years is provided for various offsets from serious, heinous crimes to minor offences. It strictly stipulates that no child can be sentenced to death, despite obligations. It also provides for the mandatory establishment of a juvenile justice committee in each region, chaired by a metropolitan magistrate and two social workers, including a woman. The board must conduct a preliminary investigation of the crimes committed during a specific time period and decide to send specific children to the rehabilitation center. Finally, a special court was established under the Act, which has the power to hear cases against juveniles and provides that if no such court is established, the conference court has the power to try juveniles under this law. The Act also requires the establishment of a Child Welfare Committee.
According to these legislations, under Article 15[3], the Indian Constitution has made various provisions for children to enable the State to make special provisions for the development of children, followed by Article 23, which violates human trafficking and defamation of forced labour. Serious exploitation of children. In addition, article 24 prohibits the employment of children under the age of 14. The Constitution enacts these provisions to ensure that children's development is unimpeded and that violations are not developed.
Not only is it limited to the Constitution of the Indian Penal Code, the Criminal Procedure Law provides for special provisions for children, as follows:
1. IPC Section 82
It provides for absolute immunization of children under 7 years of age, indicating that children under the age of 7 will not commit any illegal act.
2. IPC Section 83
This section again stipulates that crimes committed by children over the age of 7 and under 12 do not constitute a crime if the child does not have sufficient responsibility to make the judge aware of the consequences of his or her conduct.
3. IPC Section 317
Whether it is the father or mother of a child under the age of 12, in the case of taking care of such a child, such a child is exposed or left anywhere, with the intention of giving up such a child completely, and should be punished by any description. The term of office can be extended to seven years; Egypt is fined, or both.
4. IPC Section 361
If it is a male, or under the age of 18, if it is a woman, or if someone is mentally unsound, if it is a minor under the age of 16, then the legal guardian or mentally unsound person of the minor The guardian agreed to abduct such minors or legal guardians.
5. Article 27 of the Criminal Procedure Law
Any offence punishable by death or life imprisonment committed by any person under the age of 16 before he or before being brought before the court may be tried by the court of the following persons - under the Children's Act of 1960 [60 of 1960] No.] or any court that grants young offenders treatment, training and rehabilitation rights, according to any other law in force at the time, the Egyptian Judicial Judge.
Orignal From: Juvenile offenders and laws for children in need of care and protection
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